Students will learn to draw longitude and latitude lines on a world map. This map collection includes individual printable, blank pdf world projections and globe maps to print out and color for education, home, and school. Projection converting digital map from longitudelatitude to twodimension. And now we can project and unproject massive quantities of coordinates, transforming them backward and forward from latitude and longitude assuming this or that earth model to overlay precisely with data that are stored in some other coordinate space. Introduction to map projections mcdonnell, porter w. The didger documentation includes this quick start guide and the online help. The projections list page on the geotiff site includes information on how to describe many common projections with proj. After covering the key terms, the author guides the reader by introducing basic concepts. Maps were devised because they are much easier to use, store, and transport than globes, and they facilitated the development of much larger scaled representations than was the case with a globe. This chapter is based on the authors textbook, introduction to map projections new york.
Map projection study guide by smayk includes 14 questions covering vocabulary, terms and more. The techniques for combining two source projections to. Map projections seventh 7th grade social studies standards. Syllabus introduction to geographic information systems. Sep 20, 2019 this selfpaced, online training teaches the fundamental concepts of map projections, datums, and coordinate systems and demonstrates how to use them using esris arcgis. Projecting a threedimensional globe onto a twodimensional surface will always create inaccuracies. A map projection is a systematic transformation of the latitudes and longitudes of. If not stated otherwise, all content is licensed under creative commons attributionsharealike 3. In this paper, we introduce some known map projections from a model of the earth to a flat sheet. In this paper, we introduce some known map projections from a model of the earth to a flat sheet of paper or map and derive the plotting equations for these projections. Geographic information systems fall semester 2017 prerequisite.
Page 1 of 22 lessons for arcgis introduction to map projections 2009 esri canada schools and libraries program 12 concorde place, suite 900 toronto, ontario, m3c 3r8 tel. Geographic information systems gis enables us to understand this intersection and then present our findings in a compelling format. Introduction to quantum gis vector data raster data plugins fields and attribution creating data map layout modeling agenda qgis front end tools, plugins, tool box, models datatypes, raster, vector, attributes coordinates, systems, projections raster analysis display, enhance, minmax, lut ndvi. The central focus of this book is on the theory of map projections. The course format includes detailed information on how these concepts are applied to different regions of the pacific islands. Introduction to gis for undergraduates designed for a geophysics course. Pdf in this paper, we introduce some known map projections from a. Students will begin to apply gis concepts such vector and raster data models and map projections. From ground level, an unobscured view of the horizon looks rulerflat, an. Chapters 6 and 9, creating thematic and creating a categorical maps focus on the visualization of written information. Ppt chapter 2 map projection powerpoint presentation free. This approximates the view of the earth from the sun on the winter solstice at noon in cambridge, ma. The coordinate frame or bursawolf definition of the rotation values. Conceptually, we can think of map scale as the ratio between the distance between any two points on the map compared to the actual ground distance represented.
A coordinate system, datum, and map projection are. Lessons for arcgis introduction to page 1 of 22 map. World globes and projections printable blank pdf maps clip. Map projections systems support along with wms layer support, spotfire 6. Introduction to gis using arcexplorer and brooklyn data sets. Although the earth is best represented by a spheroid, the earth is sometimes treated as a sphere to make mathematical calculations easier.
On most maps, the map scale is represented by a simple fraction or ratio. Some of the more common geoprocessing functions using vector data are merge, dissolve, and clip. Flex projector lets the author of a projection visually design the graticule and provides specialized tools for distortion analysis, resulting in a new graphical approach to the design of world map projections. Geological survey, now extends to include several other. Because of the infinite nature of our universe it is impossible to capture all of the complexity found in the real world. Map projections displaying the earth on 2 dimensional maps the world from space projection from esri, centered at 72 west and 23 south. It is the representation of the objects and information on a curved surface in a plane using mathematical and geometric relations.
True earth to globe lengths scaled by the representative fraction e. Detailed information about each command and feature of didger is included in the online help. World map projections are typically intermediate projections that are neither conformal nor. The shape of the earths surface can be described as an ellipsoid. Division, usgs, for writing the introduction to this. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. A map can be simply defined as a graphic representation of the real world. Jan 22, 2011 the usgs has posted a scanned file of john p.
Mailing list and bugs a mailing list is available for users and developers of proj. Your map will now appear under the my places icon, and will be listed under your maps. Convertio advanced online tool that solving any problems with any files. Map projections tn 6 a map is a representation of all or part of the earth drawn on a flat surface at a specific scale. For many mapmakers, one of the most neglected elements of map compilation is the map projection. This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for. Map projection concerns the science of mathematical cartography, the techniques by which the earths dimensions, shape and features are translated in map form, be that twodimensional paper or two or three dimensional electronic representations.
Because earth has a curving, notquite sphericial shape, planar maps of. An introduction to the study of map projections nature. Introduction in australia, largescale topographic mapping and survey coordination is based on rectangular grids overlaying conformal map projections. Dec 03, 2017 is available a manual for learning to use arcgis 10 pdf, produced by amy hillier at the university of pennsylvania, includes tips on making maps, georeferencing, modifying attributes, spatial joins, creating spatial data, 3d analyst and others, before to download you can check the content. Best way to convert your pdf to map file in seconds. The goal here is to make quick, easy reference maps for illustrations, not to cover every special case or technicality. An ellipsoid is a threedimensional shape that departs slightly from a purely spherical form. This concept can also be expressed mathematically as. The sa vector tools consist of six programs to generate spatial surrogates, convert shapefiles from one map projection to another, filter or select shapefiles, merge surrogates, perform gapfilling of surrogates, and map data from one spatial resolution to another e. Students will locate countries and states on maps when given map coordinates. Scale changes in one direction to be offset by scale changes in the other direction. This representation is always an abstraction of reality. General information is included in the quick start guide.
The application creates pseudocylindrical and cylindrical projections, as well as projections with curved parallels. Understanding and using geometry, projections, and spatial. The recommendations below are a simplification of whats on the web. Creating map projections used to be a very hard thing to do. The geoid is defined as the surface of the earths gravity field, which is approximately the same as mean sea level. Equivalent or equal area projections a map areaof a given size, a circle three inches in diameter for instance, represents same amount of earth space no matter where on the globe the map area is located. This article discusses the mixer, a feature in flex projector for selectively combining two projections. Visual design of world map projections flex projector. Steerss useful little book on map projections, the third edition of which has recently been issued, is written for those students of geography who have only the most elementary knowledge of. Geographic concepts world coordinate systems, map scaleprojections. Amap projection is a systematic transformation of the latitudes and longitudes of positions on the surface. Feb 21, 2011 equivalent or equal area projections a map areaof a given size, a circle three inches in diameter for instance, represents same amount of earth space no matter where on the globe the map area is located.
Blending world map projections with flex projector bernhard jennya and tom pattersonb acollege of earth, ocean, and atmospheric sciences, oregon state university, corvallis, or 973315503, usa. Quizlet flashcards, activities and games help you improve your grades. It gives simple steps for descriptive, exploratory, and explanatory mapping tasks and includes concise but. Mathematical cartography also takes in map scales and their variation, the. Hans maurers detailed map projection treatise of 1935 introduced a linnaean. Download the geographic maps of the world with our world maps and globes collection of unlabeled, blank pdf maps. When developing flex projector, the goal was to give users without expert knowledge in mathematics an accessible tool for designing world map projections. Geocoding, another important skill is covered in detail in chapter 8, gives the user the necessary skills to map anything.
Projections maps are called projections because mapmakers have to project a 3d surface onto a 2d map. Gis mapping for public safety gis rutgers center on. We want to give you a basic understanding of geometry and spatial references we wont show you codeour libraries are low levelmany apis built on top we will talk aboutgeometry typesspatial references and their propertieshow geometries and spatial references interact. According to ed tufte, envisioning information is to work at the intersection of image, word, number, art. All too often emphasis in map production is placed on becoming operational with gis software while neglecting basic, yet important, map design principals. Understanding map projections, datums, and coordinate systems. Bills quick guide to map projections simple rules for simple maps a full catalog of all the projections available in arcgis is available on my website. Gps constellation consists of 24 satellites that orbit the earth in 12 hours. After watching this video, you will be able to explain what a map projection is, what a map scale is, and why they need to be carefully chosen when creating a map. Introduction to map projections students working with maps, paper or digital, must recognize the significance of map projections. Gis mapping for public safety focuses on esris arcgis functionality and presents many of the tools and techniques commonly used by public safety researchers, analysts, and practitioners. To edit your map, click the link of the map and select edit.
Map projections and map coordinate systems introduction to gis a 69 page document with many good illustrations map projections a slide show by francisco olivera university of texas. Introduction to arcgis for forestry and other natural resource. Introduction to geographic information systems gis geog2470 fall 2010 08232010 12122010 course information. Students also learn how to access data on the internet and merge web data with field data. Since the mass of the earth is not uniform at all points, and the direction of gravity changes, the shape of the geoid is irregular. Since you can filter by projection type in the selection by thumbnail, id like to offer a brief introduction to the different types available i will confine myself mostly to optical differences, i am not going to explain how they are constructed mathematically or why they are called cylindric etc.
The beginning of the book contains substantial introductory information about map projection families and distortions. Map projections page 3 introduction to map projections although earth images and map data that you use are typically rendered onto flat surfaces such as your computer screen or a sheet of paper, the earths surface obviously is not flat. Introduction to arcgis for forestry and other natural. It is perpendicular to the direction of gravity pull. This selfpaced, online training teaches the fundamental concepts of map projections, datums, and coordinate systems and demonstrates how to use them using esris arcgis. Pdf cartographers have developed various techniques for deriving new projections from existing projections.